ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM: LESSONS AND IMPLICATI
January 28, 2013 INTERNATIONAL MONETRARY FUND CONTENTS BACKGROUND ENERGY SUBSIDIES A. Definition and Measurement B. Macroeconomic, Environmental, and Social Implications C. Equity Implications REFORMING ENERGY SUBSIDIES: LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE A. Overview B. Barriers to Reform C. Designing a Subsidy Reform Strategy BOXES 1. Pre-tax and Post-tax Consumer Subsidies 2. Financing Fuel Subsidies in India 3. Electricity Subsidies and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa 4. Energy Subsidy Reform and Competitiveness FIGURES 1. International Prices of Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas, 2006–2012 2. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies, 2007–2011 3. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies by Region, 2011 4. Pre-tax Petroleum Subsidies Among Petroleum Importing and Exporting Countries, 2011 5. Adjustment of Energy Subsidies for Taxes and Externalities, 2011 6. Post-tax Subsidies and Social Spending, 2010 7. Distribution of Petroleum...
