ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM: LESSONS AND IMPLICATI

ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM
January 28, 2013
INTERNATIONAL MONETRARY FUND

  • CONTENTS
  • BACKGROUND
  • ENERGY SUBSIDIES
  • A. Definition and Measurement
  • B. Macroeconomic, Environmental, and Social Implications
  • C. Equity Implications
  • REFORMING ENERGY SUBSIDIES: LESSONS FROM EXPERIENCE
  • A. Overview
  • B. Barriers to Reform
  • C. Designing a Subsidy Reform Strategy
  • BOXES
  • 1. Pre-tax and Post-tax Consumer Subsidies
  • 2. Financing Fuel Subsidies in India
  • 3. Electricity Subsidies and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • 4. Energy Subsidy Reform and Competitiveness
  • FIGURES
  • 1. International Prices of Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas, 2006–2012
  • 2. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies, 2007–2011
  • 3. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies by Region, 2011
  • 4. Pre-tax Petroleum Subsidies Among Petroleum Importing and Exporting Countries, 2011
  • 5. Adjustment of Energy Subsidies for Taxes and Externalities, 2011
  • 6. Post-tax Subsidies and Social Spending, 2010
  • 7. Distribution of Petroleum Product Subsidies by Income Groups
  • TABLE
  • 1. Summary of Country Energy Subsidy Reform Episodes
  • APPENDICES
  • I. Estimating Pre-tax and Post-tax Global Energy Subsidies
  • II. Assessing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Energy Subsidy Reform
  • APPENDIX TABLES
  • 1. Corrective Motor Fuel Taxes, Selected Countries
  • 2. Pre-tax Subsidies for Petroleum Products, Electricity, Natural Gas, and Coal, 2011
  • (Percent of GDP by region)
  • 3. Pre-tax Subsidies for Petroleum Products, Electricity, Natural Gas, and Coal, 2011
  • (Percent of government revenues)
  • 4. Post-tax Subsidies for Petroleum Products, Electricity, Natural Gas, and Coal, 2011
  • (Percent of GDP by region)
  • 5. Post-tax Subsidies for Petroleum Products, Electricity, Natural Gas, and Coal, 2011
  • (Percent of government revenues)

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